Article	Theoretical concepts of architectural space, form-making, and ornament: a review of foreign sources
Authors	Zharkova A. S. Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy), Moscow, Russia
Abstract	The article presents an analytical review of foreign sources addressing the problems of architectural space, form-making, and ornament, with the aim of identifying and systematizing theoretical propositions relevant to the interpretation of the architectural legacy of V.P. Kalmykov. The study focuses on several interconnected areas: the pedagogical methods of VKhUTEMAS and the rationalist approach to spatial thinking, the psychology of perception of architectural form, geometric principles of planning (in particular, hexagonal structures), and the regularities governing the organization of ornamental systems. Synthesizing these approaches makes it possible to consider architectural form as a multi-level process combining structural, perceptual, and combinatorial aspects. The formulated propositions provide a theoretical foundation for analyzing V.P. Kalmykov’s design solutions and expand the methodological base of the dissertation research.
Keywords:	architectural space, form-making in architecture, ornament, VKhUTEMAS, psychology of perception, hexagonal planning, Islamic art
	Article (RUS)
References	Zharkova A.S. The Creative Model of the Architect V.P. Kalmykov. Science, Education, and Experimental Design: A Collection of Articles. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference of Faculty, Young Scientists, and Students. Moscow, 2025, pp. 40-42. Zharkova A.S. On modern and historical analogues and prototypes of functional and spatial structures in the architecture of V.P. Kalmykov. Science, Education, and Experimental Design: A Collection of Articles. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference of Faculty, Young Scientists, and Students. Moscow, 2026, pp. 140-141. Arnhejm R. Dinamika arhitekturnyh form [The Dynamics of Architectural Form]. Moscow, 1984, 192 p. Han-Magomedov S.O. Viktor Kalmykov [Viktor Kalmykov]. Moscow, 2011, 160 p. Han-Magomedov S.O. Vysshie gosudarstvennye hudozhestvenno-tekhnicheskie masterskie (VHUTEMAS) 1920-1930: v 2-h knigah. Kn. 1 [Higher State Artistic and Technical Workshops (VKhUTEMAS), 1920-1930: In 2 Books]. Moscow, 1995, 343 p. Han-Magomedov S.O. Tvorcheskie techeniya, koncepcii i organizacii sovetskogo avangarda: v 6 tomah [Artistic Movements, Concepts, and Organizations of the Soviet Avant-Garde: In 6 Volumes]. Moscow, 1993-1995. Voronskaya A.G. The Productive Unconscious: Architecture, Experimental Psychology and the Techniques of Subjectivity in Soviet Russia, 1919-1935: PhD Thesis in Architecture. Cambridge, MA, 2014. 405 p. Available at: https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/93020 Ben-Jseph E., Gordon D. Hexagonal Planning in Theory and Practice. Journal of Urban Design. 2000. Vol. 5, № 3. P. 237-265. Available at: https://web.mit.edu/ebj/www/Hexagonal.pdf Necipoglu G. The Topkapi Scroll: Geometry and Ornament in Islamic Architecture. Santa Monica: The Getty Center for the History of Art and Humanities, 1995. 397 p.
	UDC 72.012:72.036 DOI: 10.24412/1998-4839-2026-2-128-138 EDN: IBRIYI
For citation	Zharkova A.S. Theoretical concepts of architectural space, form-making, and ornament: a review of foreign sources. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 2026, no. 2(75), pp. 128-138. Available at: https://marhi.ru/AMIT/2026/2kvart26/PDF/08_zharkova.pdf DOI: 10.24412/1998-4839-2026-2- 128-138 EDN: IBRIYI
Article	Received by the editors on 10.04.2026; approved after review on 05.06.2026; accepted for publication on 10.06.2026; publication date: 15.06.2026