МАРХИ - Московский архитектурный институт (Государственная академия)

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ONLINE JOURNAL
ARCHITECTURE AND MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

3(48) 2019

Article	HARD AND SOFT: CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE
Authors	V. Melnikova Strelka Institute of Media, Architecture and Design, Moscow, Russia
Abstract	This article overviews the HARD and SOFT-tools for transforming the architecture of the urban environment through the implementation of cultural and educational projects both abroad and in Russia. HARD-tools combine architectural projects – the construction of new buildings, complexes of new buildings and even new areas or revitalization of old ones, and SOFT-tools – reprogramming projects of the existing urban environment, temporary architecture, urban events and various technological projects. Approval of the trend for the development of creative and smart cities requires that municipal authorities a deeper and more comprehensive study of policies for the renewal and transformation of cities, and makes new demands on this policy and its institutional infrastructure. The article concludes that it is HARD and SOFT tools that are an effective way to build a new urban policy that primarily affects the architecture of the urban environment and its use.
Keywords:	urban environment, architecture, creative clusters, industrial areas, smart city
	Article (RUS)
References	Shilnikova I.V. “Sim dovoditsya do svedenia rabochih…”: fabrichnaya zhizn konca XIX – nachala XX bekov. V objavleniyah (na materialah fonda Yaroslavskoy Bolshoy manufactury) [With this are the workers announced…: the manufacture life in the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. In announcements (based on the materials of the Yaroslav Big Manufacture foundation. Journal Historical-economical research]. 2006. Kunzmann K.R. Kultur, Wirtschaft und Raumentwicklung. 2002, vol. 4, no. 4/5. pp. 185-197. Bianchini F., Dawson J., Evans R. Flagship Projects in Urban Regeneration //Rebuilding the City: Property-Led Urban Regeneration. Ed. Healey R. et al. London: E. & FN Spon, 1992. 245–255 pp. Landry C. The creative city: a toolkit for urban innovators. London: Earthscan Publications, 2000. Mommaas H. Cultural Clusters and the Post-Industrial City: Towards the Remapping of Urban Cultural Policy // Urban Stud. 2004. Vol. 41, № 3. 507–532 pp. Florida R. Cities and the Creative Class. New Ed. New York, NY: Routledge, 2004. 208 p. Caragliu A., Bo C.D., Nijkamp P. Smart Cities in Europe // J. Urban Technol. 2011. Vol. 18, № 2. 65–82 pp. Helbrecht I. Bare Geographies in Knowledge Societies – Creative Cities as Text and Piece of Art: Two Eyes, One Vision. Text. 2004. Available at: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/alex/benv/2004/00000030/00000003/art00003;jsessionid=8blq74p34clp.x-ic-live-01
For citation	Melnikova V. Hard and Soft: Cultural and Educational Instruments of the Transformation of the Urban Environment Architecture. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 2019, no. 3(48), pp. 185-199. Available at: https://marhi.ru/AMIT/2019/3kvart19/PDF/14_melnikova.pdf

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