МАРХИ - Московский архитектурный институт (Государственная академия)

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ONLINE JOURNAL
ARCHITECTURE AND MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

2(47) 2019

Article	FEATURES OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES COMPOSITION ON THE BASIS OF PLANNING CORRECT POLYGONS
Authors	S. Borisov^{1 1}Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy), Moscow, Russia
Abstract	The article is devoted to a few common methods of construction of Christian churches on the basis of planning polygons. We have considered the features of the formation of three-dimensional composition of Orthodox churches on the basis of planning squares and octagons. We have analyzed the historical examples of the considered formation. We have expanded the idea of traditional shaping in the national temple architecture. On the basis of the studied objects we hypothesized about the trend of gradual narrowing of the historically existing variety of forms and techniques. We have justified the reasons for the low prevalence of the considered methods of forming. We have documented, on the basis of historical graphic materials, compositional techniques: setting the stone quadrangle over the octagonal base; transition from the octagon to the overlying quadrangle; turning the quadrangular tier by 45° relative to the base. For the first time we have analyzed the wooden Church of Christ the Savior near the settlement Berezovets, which is a confirmation of the existence of a rare typological group in Russian wooden architecture. We noted the novelty in the modern search for the development of an asymmetric plan of the complex on the basis of the Central octagon. In the article we consider the author's methods of planning decisions of temple complexes based on octagons.
Keywords:	Orthodox Church, temple architecture, architectural shaping, planning polygon, octagon, quadrangle
	Article (RUS)
References	Borisov S.V. O vliyanii kolokol'ni na ob"yemno-prostranstvennuyu kompozitsiyu pravoslavnogo khrama [On the influence of the bell tower on the volume-spatial composition of an Orthodox church. Regional architecture and construction]. 2015, no. 4(25), pp. 126–131. Borisov S.V. Rekonstruktsiya ikonostasa domovogo khrama Tverskogo Imperatorskogo dvortsa [Reconstruction of the iconostasis of the home church of the Tver Imperial Palace. Regional Architecture and Construction]. 2016, no. 4(29), pp. 119–124. Borisov S.V. Sovremennost' i traditsiya v arkhitekture pravoslavnykh khramov [Modernity and tradition in the architecture of Orthodox churches] [Electronic resource. Architecton: news of universities]. 2017, no. 57(March). Available at: http://archvuz.ru Kandalaksha. Tserkov' Rozhdestva Ioanna Predtechi [Kandalaksha. Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist] [Electronic resource]. Available at: http://sobory.ru/photo/262586 Kargopol [Kargopol]. Available at: http://mirxenia.com/Kargopol Komarov B. Chertezh goroda Tveri do pereplanirovki XVIII veka [Drawing of the city of Tver before the redevelopment of the XVIII century. Architectural heritage]. Issue 6, Moscow, State publishing house of literature on construction and architecture, 1956, pp. 150‒153. Kuznetsov A.V. Tektonika i konstruktsiya tsentricheskikh zdaniy [Tectonics and construction of centric buildings]. Moscow, State publishing house of architecture and urban planning, 1951, 274 p. Minkus M., Pekareva N. Fomin [Fomin]. Moscow, State publishing house of literature on construction and architecture, 1953, 310 p. Orfinsky V.P., Grishina I.E. Tipologiya Kul'tovogo derevyannogo zodchestva Russkogo Severa [Typology of the Cult wooden architecture of the Russian North]. Petrozavodsk, 2004, 280 p. Rozhdestva Bogoroditsy Snetogorskiy monastyr' ot yego osnovaniya do nashikh dney: K 25-letiyu vozrozhdeniya monastyrya [Nativity of the Virgin Snetogorsky monastery from its foundation to the present day: To the 25th anniversary of the revival of the monastery.1993-2018]. St. Petersburg, Nestor-History, 2018, 64 p.
For citation	Borisov S. Features of Orthodox Churches Composition on the Basis of Planning Correct Polygons. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 2019, no. 2(47), pp. 220-231. Available at: https://marhi.ru/AMIT/2019/2kvart19/PDF/14_borisov.pdf

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