ÌÀÐÕÈ
ËÈ×ÍÛÉ ÊÀÁÈÍÅÒ ÑÒÓÄÅÍÒÀ
ÏÐÎÅÊÒÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ III ÊÓÐÑÀ 2024/2025 ó÷. ã.
ÊÎÍÔÅÐÅÍÖÈÈ 2023-2024
Âûáîðû çàâåäóþùèõ êàôåäðàìè. Êîíêóðñ ÏÏÑ
ÔÀÊÓËÜÒÅÒ ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÈß ÊÂÀËÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ
2024 - ÃÎÄ ÑÅÌÜÈ
ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÅÊÒ "Íàóêà è Óíèâåðñèòåòû"
ÑÒÀƨРÌèíîáðíàóêè Ðîññèè
ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÏÐÀÂ ÍÅÑÎÂÅÐØÅÍÍÎËÅÒÍÈÕ Â ÑÅÒÈ ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒ


English version Russian version



INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ONLINE JOURNAL 
ARCHITECTURE AND MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

4(41) 2017


Article THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THE BELL TOWER OF THE TRINITY LAVRA OF ST. SERGIUS AND GERMAN BAROQUE TRADITION. TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ORIGINAL DRAFT OF JOHANN JAKOB SCHUMACHER
Authors S. Klimenko, Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy), Moscow, Russia
E. Stanyukovich-Denisova, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 
AbstractThe article analyzes the architectural design of one of the most famous buildings of the Baroque period in Russia - the bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The authors made an attempt to move away from value judgments when studying the role of architects involved in the construction, and to «rehabilitate» Johann Jacob  Schumacher, the author of the original draft, and to reconstruct his logic in choosing the place and the composition of the bell tower. The Schumacher’s project, considered on the basis of graphic reconstruction of the bell tower, is analyzed from the point of view of his school, associated with the Northern German Baroque architecture of the 17th - first third 18th century. As a possible prototype of the belfry  of the author draws a number of Protestant churches of Prussia, mostly Berlin, and some other high-rise buildings that could influence the Schumacher’s plan.
Keywords: the Trinity-Sergius Lavra bell tower, Baroque architecture, Johann Jakob Schumacher, German protestant churches
article Article (RUS)
References

  1. Baldin V.I. Zagorsk. Moscow, 1984.
  2. Baldin V.I. Arhitekturnyj ansambl' Troice-Sergievoj lavry [The architectural ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra]. Moscow, 1976.
  3. Baldin V.I. Troice-Sergieva lavra [Trinity Sergius Lavra]. Moscow, 1968.
  4. Biograficheskij slovar' arhitektorov i stroitelej Sankt-Peterburga. Iogann Jakob Shumaher [Biographical dictionary of architects and builders of St. Petersburg. Johann Jakob Schumacher. Zodchie Sankt-Peterburga. XVIII vek]. Moscow, 1997, 999 p.
  5. Borisova E.A. O rannih proektah zdanij akademii nauk [Early projects of the buildings of the Academy of Sciences. Russkoe iskusstvo XVIII veka. Materialy i issledovanija]. Moscow, 1973, pp.56-65.
  6. Vzdornov G.I. Stroitel'stvo kolokol'ni Troice-Sergievoj lavry (v svete novyh dannyh) [The construction of the bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra (in the light of new data). Magazine Arhitekturnoe nasledstvo]. Moscow, Issue 14, 1962, pp. 125–134.
  7. Vinogradov N.D. Troice-Sergieva lavra [Trinity Sergius Lavra]. Moscow, 1944.
  8. Grabar' I.Je. I.F.Michurin i moskovskaja arhitektura 30 – 40-h godov XVIII veka  [I.F. Michurin and Moscow architecture of the 30 – 40s of the 18th century. Russkaja arhitektura pervoj poloviny XVIII veka. Issledovanija i materialy]. Moscow, 1954, pp. 254 – 260.
  9. Grabar' I.Je. Istorija russkogo iskusstva [The history of Russian art. Vol. 3. Petersburg architecture in the XVIII and XIX century]. Moscow, [1912].
  10. Grabar' I.Je. Moskovskaja arhitektura 30–40-h godov XVIII veka [Moscow architecture of the 30-40s of the 18th century History of Russian art. Vol. V]. Moscow, 1960, pp. 159–164.
  11. Grabar' I.Je. Peterburgskaja arhitektura v XVIII i XIX vekah [Architecture of Petersburg in 18th and 19th centuries]. St. Petersburg, 1994.
  12. Zubov V.P. Arhitektura Troice-Sergievoj Lavry. Istoricheskij ocherk [The Architecture of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Historical sketch. Troickij sbornik.]. Sergiev Posad, 2002, no. 2.   
  13. Kirikov B.M., Shtiglic M.S. Peterburg nemeckih arhitektorov: ot barokko do avangarda [Petersburg German architects: from the Baroque to Avant-garde]. St. Petersburg, 2002.
  14. Klimenko S.V. Arhitekturnaja dejatel'nost' I.F.Michurina. 1720-1740-e gody [Architectural activities I. F. Michurin. 1720s-1740s. Diss. na soisk. uchenoj stepeni kand. arhitektury]. Moscow, 2002.
  15. Klimenko S.V. Genezis stilja russkoj arhitektury 1730-h godov v ocenkah otechestvennoj istoriografii XX — nachala  XXI veka [The Genesis of the style of Russian architecture 1730-ies in assessments of the Russian historiography of XXth — beginning of XXIth century]. St. Petersburg, 2014, pp. 101-119.
  16. Malinovskij K.V. Hudozhestvennye svjazi Germanii i Sankt-Peterburga v XVIII veke [Artistic relations of Germany and St. Petersburg in the XVIIIth century]. St. Petersburg, 2007.
  17. Medvedkova O.A. Kolokol'nja Troice-Sergievoj lavry [Belfry of the Trinity Sergius Lavra. Baroque in Russia. State Institute of Art Studies]. Moscow, 1994, pp. 147-156.
  18. Mihajlov A.I. Arhitektor D. V. Uhtomskij i ego shkola [Architect D. V. Ukhtomsky and his school]. Moscow, 1954.
  19. Mihajlov A.I. K istorii proektirovanija i stroitel'stva kolokol'ni Troice-Sergievoj lavry [The history of the design and construction of the bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Magazine Arhitekturnoe nasledstvo]. Moscow, 1951, Issue1, pp. 67–77.
  20. Stanjukovich-Denisova E.Yu. Dejatel'nost' F.-V. Berghol'ca v Germanii: k izucheniju putej formirovanija kollekcij arhitekturnyh chertezhej v 18 veke [The activities of F.-W. von Bergholtz in Germany: the ways of making the collections of architectural drawings in the 18th c. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Eds: Anna V. Zakharova.]. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2012, vol. 2, pp. 355–358.
  21. Holodkova N.V. Arhitekturnyj al'bom Troice-Sergievoj lavry 1745—1789 gg.  [An architectural album, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra 1745-1789. Troice-Sergieva Lavra v istorii, kul'ture i duhovnoj zhizni Rossii. Sbornik materialov V mezhdunarodnoj konferencii]. Moscow, 2009, pp. 313-328.
  22. Hallström B.H. Russian Architectural Drawings in the Nationalmuseum. Nationalmusei skrift serie 9. Stockholm, Victor Pettersons Bokindustri AB, 1963, 143 ð.
  23. Schmitz H. Kunst und Kultur des 18. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland. München, 1922, pp. 113-117.
  24. Sturm Leonhard Christoph. Architektonisches Bedencken von der Protestantischen kleinen Kirchen Figur und Einrichtung, Hamburg, 1712.

For citation

Klimenko S., Stanyukovich-Denisova E. The Architectural Design of the Bell Tower of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius and German Baroque Tradition. To the Interpretation of the Original Draft of Johann Jakob Schumacher. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 2017, no. 4(41), pp. 144-162. Available at: http://marhi.ru/eng/AMIT/2017/4kvart17/11_klimenko_stanyukovich/index.php