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ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÛÉ ÑÅÒÅÂÎÉ ÍÀÓ×ÍÎ-ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÆÓÐÍÀË
"ARCHITECTURE AND MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES"
(ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ È ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ)
4(49) 2019
Íàçâàíèå ñòàòüè
ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈß È ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÎÍÍÛÕ ÆÈËÈÙ Â ÏÓÑÒÛÍÅ ÑÀÕÀÐÀ (ÏÀÒÈÎ È ÏÎÄÇÅÌÍÛÕ ÄÎÌÎÂ)
Àâòîðû
ß.Ì. Áåíþñåô, Ðîññèéñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò äðóæáû íàðîäîâ, Èíæåíåðíàÿ àêàäåìèÿ, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ
Î.Þ. Ñóñëîâà, Ìîñêîâñêèé àðõèòåêòóðíûé èíñòèòóò (ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ àêàäåìèÿ), Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ
Àííîòàöèÿ
Òðàäèöèîííàÿ àðõèòåêòóðà, ïîëó÷åííàÿ ìåòîäîì ïðîá è îøèáîê íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ìíîãèõ ëåò, ïî ñâîåé ïðèðîäå îáåñïå÷èâàåò ýñòåòè÷åñêèå êà÷åñòâà, àäàïòèðóÿñü ê êëèìàòó è ýêîíîìèêå. Ýòà ñòàòüÿ îñíîâàíà íà èññëåäîâàíèè äîêòîðñêîé äèññåðòàöèè ïîä íàçâàíèåì «Îñîáåííîñòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ àðõèòåêòóðû èíäèâèäóàëüíûé æèëûõ çäàíèé â óñëîâèÿõ Ñàõàðû». Èíäèâèäóàëüíûå æèëûå äîìà â ðàéîíå Ñàõàðû áîãàòû ðàçíîîáðàçèåì, òèïîëîãèåé è ðàçëè÷àþòñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ðåãèîíà è îáðàçà æèçíè ëþäåé.
 ñòàòüå àíàëèçèðóþòñÿ äâà îñíîâíûõ òèïà äîìîâ: ñ âíóòðåííèé äâîðèêîì è äîì òðîãëîäèòîâ, êîòîðûå ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ðàçíîîáðàçèå è áîãàòñòâî òèïîëîãèè èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî æèëüÿ â Ñàõàðå. Òðàäèöèîííûå èíäèâèäóàëüíûå äîìà â ðàéîíå Ñàõàðû çàñëóæèâàþò èçó÷åíèÿ, òàê êàê îíè ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé ïðåêðàñíûé ïðèìåð òîãî, êàê ìåñòíîå íàñåëåíèå ñìîãëî óñïåøíî è äîëãîâðåìåííî ðåøèòü ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû, íà÷èíàÿ ñ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé è çàêàí÷èâàÿ íàëè÷èåì ñòðîèòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ.
Îáùàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ òðàäèöèîííûõ äîìîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò öåíòðèðîâàííîìó îáðàçó æèçíè, êîòîðûé ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ â îáùåì äèçàéíå äîìà è â âàæíîñòè âíóòðåíåãî äâîðà. Ïóñòûííîå æèëüå âñåãäà áûëî ýôôåêòèâíûì ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ êëèìàòè÷åñêîé ïðèñïîñîáëåííîñòè, ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòè è äîëãîâå÷íîñòè.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà
òèïîëîãèÿ, æèëèùå, Ñàõàðà, âíóòðåííèé äâîðèê, æèëèùà òðîãëîäèòîâ
Ïîëíûé òåêñò ñòàòüè
Ñïèñîê öèòèðóåìîé ëèòåðàòóðû
Benyoucef Y.M., Razin A.D. Consideration of Climatic Conditions in the Design of Dwellings in the Sahara Desert. RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches, 2018, Issue: vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 471-481. Available at: http://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/20-598
Côte M. Signatures Sahariennes: Terroirs et territoires vus du ciel. Aix en Provence: Presses universitaires de Provence, pp. 1, ISBN : 978-28-539-9833-8.
Meliouh F. Tabet Aoul K. L'habitat Espaces Et Repères Conceptuels, Courrier du Savoir, no.°01, Novembre 2001, pp. 59-64.
Ahmet V. Vernacular Climate Control in Desert Architecture, Energy and Buildings, 15-16, 1990/91, p.809-815.
Layachi A. The archetypes of landscape and sustainable design in the ksar of Kenadsa, ITU A|Z, vol. 13, no. 3, November 2016, p.79-91.
AlZubaidi, Maha S.S. The sustainability potential of traditional architecture in the Arab world with reference to domestic buildings in the UAE. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2007. Available at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/965/1/mahaalzubaidifinal-thesis.pdf
Sriti L., Tabet-Aoul K. Evolution des Modèles D'habitat et Appropriation de L'espace Le cas de L'architecture Domestique dans les Ziban, Courrier du Savoir – no.°05, Juin 2004, p. 23.
Steyn G. African courtyard architecture: Typology, art, science and relevance, Department of Architecture, Tshwane University of Technology, p.112. Available at: http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11660/5548/struct_v12_n2_a6a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Samir A. Les Maisons À Patio, Continuités historiques, adaptations bioclimatiques et morphologies urbaines, ICOMOS, France, 2011, p. 282.
Abdeldjebar L. The archetypes of landscape and sustainable design in the ksar of Kenadsa, ITU A|Z, Vol 13, no. 3, November 2016, pp. 79-91.
Bousquet C. L'habitat mozabite au M'Zab, Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, Center national de la recherche scientifique; Centre de recherches et d'études sur les sociétés méditerranéennes (CRESM), Paris, CNRS, 1988, pp. 257-269. Available at: http://aan.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/volumes/1986/Pages/AAN-1986-25_29.aspx
Achrati A. Traditional Homes in the M’Zab Valley. Available at: https://adamachrati.com/2014/01-/16/traditional-homes-in-the-mzab-valley/
Hadj Mohamed N, Madani M. Renouvellement des espaces habités spécifiques aux régions sahariennes, l’exemple de Béchar, REMMM, 138, 2015. Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/8914?lang=en
Samir A, Les Maisons À Patio. Continuités historiques, adaptations bioclimatiques et morphologies urbaines, ICOMOS, France, 2011, p. 282.
Baglioni E, Rovero L, Tonietti U. Drâa valley earthen architecture: construction techniques, pathology and intervention criteria, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 7 (10) (2016) 3499-3508.
Naceur B. L’architecture Traditionnelle en Tunisie : L’habitat Rural, RehabiMed. Available at: http://www.rehabimed.net/Publicacions/Seminaris/Rehabilitacio%20i%20turisme%20sostenible/1.%20Introduction%20%20la%20rehabilitation%20de%20larchitecture%20traditionnelle/1.3%20Larchitecture%20traditionnelle%20en%20Tunisie.%20Lhabitat%20rural.pdf
Traditional Mediterranean Architecture, European commission MEDA-EUROMED heritage, CORPUS, 2002, p. 64. Available at: https://issuu.com/asociacionrehabimed/docs/cor-pus_eng
Saqaff A. Alkaff, S.C. Sim n, M.N. Ervina Efzan. A review of underground building towards thermal energy efficiency and sustainable development, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 60, 2016, pp. 692–713.
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Hadj Mohamed N, Madani M. Renouvellement des espaces habités spécifiques aux régions sahariennes, l’exemple de Béchar, REMMM, 138, 2015. Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/8914?lang=en
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