ÌÀÐÕÈ
ËÈ×ÍÛÉ ÊÀÁÈÍÅÒ ÑÒÓÄÅÍÒÀ
ÏÐÎÅÊÒÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ III ÊÓÐÑÀ 2024/2025 ó÷. ã.
ÊÎÍÔÅÐÅÍÖÈÈ 2023-2024
2024 - ÃÎÄ ÑÅÌÜÈ
ÂÌÅÑÒÅ ÏÐÎÒÈÂ ÊÎÐÐÓÏÖÈÈ
ÔÀÊÓËÜÒÅÒ ÏÎÂÛØÅÍÈß ÊÂÀËÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ
ÑÒÀƨРÌèíîáðíàóêè Ðîññèè
ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒÑÊÈÅ ÑÓÁÁÎÒÛ
ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÅÊÒ "Íàóêà è Óíèâåðñèòåòû"
ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÏÐÀÂ ÍÅÑÎÂÅÐØÅÍÍÎËÅÒÍÈÕ Â ÑÅÒÈ ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒ


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ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÛÉ ÑÅÒÅÂÎÉ ÍÀÓ×ÍÎ-ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÆÓÐÍÀË
"ARCHITECTURE AND MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES" 
(ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ È ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ)

4(49) 2019

Íàçâàíèå ñòàòüè

ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈß È ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÎÍÍÛÕ ÆÈËÈÙ Â ÏÓÑÒÛÍÅ ÑÀÕÀÐÀ (ÏÀÒÈÎ È ÏÎÄÇÅÌÍÛÕ ÄÎÌÎÂ)

Àâòîðû

ß.Ì. Áåíþñåô, Ðîññèéñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò äðóæáû íàðîäîâ, Èíæåíåðíàÿ àêàäåìèÿ, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ
Î.Þ. Ñóñëîâà,
Ìîñêîâñêèé àðõèòåêòóðíûé èíñòèòóò (ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ àêàäåìèÿ), Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ

Àííîòàöèÿ

Òðàäèöèîííàÿ àðõèòåêòóðà, ïîëó÷åííàÿ ìåòîäîì ïðîá è îøèáîê íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ìíîãèõ ëåò, ïî ñâîåé ïðèðîäå îáåñïå÷èâàåò ýñòåòè÷åñêèå êà÷åñòâà, àäàïòèðóÿñü ê êëèìàòó è ýêîíîìèêå. Ýòà ñòàòüÿ îñíîâàíà íà èññëåäîâàíèè äîêòîðñêîé äèññåðòàöèè ïîä íàçâàíèåì «Îñîáåííîñòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ àðõèòåêòóðû èíäèâèäóàëüíûé æèëûõ çäàíèé â óñëîâèÿõ Ñàõàðû». Èíäèâèäóàëüíûå æèëûå äîìà â ðàéîíå Ñàõàðû áîãàòû ðàçíîîáðàçèåì, òèïîëîãèåé è ðàçëè÷àþòñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ðåãèîíà è îáðàçà æèçíè ëþäåé.

 ñòàòüå àíàëèçèðóþòñÿ äâà îñíîâíûõ òèïà äîìîâ: ñ âíóòðåííèé äâîðèêîì è äîì òðîãëîäèòîâ, êîòîðûå ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ðàçíîîáðàçèå è áîãàòñòâî òèïîëîãèè èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî æèëüÿ â Ñàõàðå. Òðàäèöèîííûå èíäèâèäóàëüíûå äîìà â ðàéîíå Ñàõàðû çàñëóæèâàþò èçó÷åíèÿ, òàê êàê îíè ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé ïðåêðàñíûé ïðèìåð òîãî, êàê ìåñòíîå íàñåëåíèå ñìîãëî óñïåøíî è äîëãîâðåìåííî ðåøèòü ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû, íà÷èíàÿ ñ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé è çàêàí÷èâàÿ íàëè÷èåì ñòðîèòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ.

Îáùàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ òðàäèöèîííûõ äîìîâ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò öåíòðèðîâàííîìó îáðàçó æèçíè, êîòîðûé ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ â îáùåì äèçàéíå äîìà è â âàæíîñòè âíóòðåíåãî äâîðà. Ïóñòûííîå æèëüå âñåãäà áûëî ýôôåêòèâíûì ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ êëèìàòè÷åñêîé ïðèñïîñîáëåííîñòè, ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòè è äîëãîâå÷íîñòè.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà

òèïîëîãèÿ, æèëèùå, Ñàõàðà, âíóòðåííèé äâîðèê, æèëèùà òðîãëîäèòîâ

Ïîëíûé òåêñò ñòàòüè Ïîëíûé òåêñò ñòàòüè
Ñïèñîê öèòèðóåìîé ëèòåðàòóðû

  1. Benyoucef Y.M., Razin A.D. Consideration of Climatic Conditions in the Design of Dwellings in the Sahara Desert. RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches, 2018, Issue: vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 471-481. Available at: http://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/20-598
  2. Côte M. Signatures Sahariennes: Terroirs et territoires vus du ciel. Aix en Provence: Presses universitaires de Provence, pp. 1, ISBN : 978-28-539-9833-8.
  3. Meliouh F. Tabet Aoul K. L'habitat Espaces Et Repères Conceptuels, Courrier du Savoir, no.°01, Novembre 2001, pp. 59-64.
  4. Ahmet V. Vernacular Climate Control in Desert Architecture, Energy and Buildings, 15-16, 1990/91, p.809-815.
  5. Layachi A. The archetypes of landscape and sustainable design in the ksar of Kenadsa, ITU A|Z, vol. 13, no. 3, November 2016, p.79-91.
  6. Al­Zubaidi, Maha S.S. The sustainability potential of traditional architecture in the Arab world ­ with reference to domestic buildings in the UAE. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2007. Available at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/965/1/mahaalzubaidifinal-thesis.pdf
  7. Sriti L., Tabet-Aoul K. Evolution des Modèles D'habitat et Appropriation de L'espace Le cas de L'architecture Domestique dans les Ziban, Courrier du Savoir – no.°05, Juin 2004, p. 23.
  8. Steyn G. African courtyard architecture: Typology, art, science and relevance, Department of Architecture, Tshwane University of Technology, p.112. Available at: http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11660/5548/struct_v12_n2_a6a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  9. Samir A. Les Maisons À Patio, Continuités historiques, adaptations bioclimatiques et morphologies urbaines, ICOMOS, France, 2011, p. 282. 
  10. Abdeldjebar L. The archetypes of landscape and sustainable design in the ksar of Kenadsa, ITU A|Z, Vol 13, no. 3, November 2016, pp. 79-91.
  11. Bousquet C. L'habitat mozabite au M'Zab, Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord, Center national de la recherche scientifique; Centre de recherches et d'études sur les sociétés méditerranéennes (CRESM), Paris, CNRS, 1988, pp. 257-269. Available at: http://aan.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/volumes/1986/Pages/AAN-1986-25_29.aspx
  12. Achrati A. Traditional Homes in the M’Zab Valley. Available at: https://adamachrati.com/2014/01-/16/traditional-homes-in-the-mzab-valley/
  13. Hadj Mohamed N, Madani M. Renouvellement des espaces habités spécifiques aux régions sahariennes, l’exemple de Béchar, REMMM, 138, 2015. Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/8914?lang=en
  14. Samir A, Les Maisons À Patio. Continuités historiques, adaptations bioclimatiques et morphologies urbaines, ICOMOS, France, 2011, p. 282.
  15. Baglioni E, Rovero L, Tonietti U. Drâa valley earthen architecture: construction techniques, pathology and intervention criteria, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 7 (10) (2016) 3499-3508.
  16. Naceur B. L’architecture Traditionnelle en Tunisie : L’habitat Rural, RehabiMed. Available at: http://www.rehabimed.net/Publicacions/Seminaris/Rehabilitacio%20i%20turisme%20sostenible/1.%20Introduction%20%20la%20rehabilitation%20de%20larchitecture%20traditionnelle/1.3%20Larchitecture%20traditionnelle%20en%20Tunisie.%20Lhabitat%20rural.pdf
  17. Traditional Mediterranean Architecture, European commission MEDA-EUROMED heritage, CORPUS, 2002, p. 64. Available at: https://issuu.com/asociacionrehabimed/docs/cor-pus_eng
  18. Saqaff A. Alkaff, S.C. Sim n, M.N. Ervina Efzan. A review of underground building towards thermal energy efficiency and sustainable development, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 60, 2016, pp. 692–713.
  19. Souhir H. Relecture d'un habitat troglodytique à Matmata, université de Carthage, 2016, p.53. Available at: https://issuu.com/souhirhabouria/docs/rapport_m__moire
  20. Hadj Mohamed N, Madani M. Renouvellement des espaces habités spécifiques aux régions sahariennes, l’exemple de Béchar, REMMM, 138, 2015. Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/8914?lang=en

Äëÿ öèòèðîâàíèÿ

Áåíþñåô ß.Ì. Òèïîëîãèÿ è àðõèòåêòóðíûå îñîáåííîñòè òðàäèöèîííûõ æèëèù â ïóñòûíå Ñàõàðà (ïàòèî è ïîäçåìíûõ äîìîâ) / ß.Ì. Áåíþñåô, Î.Þ. Ñóñëîâà // Architecture and Modern Information Technologies. – 2019. – ¹4(49). – Ñ. 98-107. URL: https://marhi.ru/AMIT/2019/4kvart19/PDF/07_benyoucef.pdf DOI: 10.24411/1998-4839-2019-00008


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