2(23) 2013

Article	THE MULTIPURPOSE CENTERS IN MODERN TOWN-PLANNING OF GREAT BRITAIN
Authors	V. Shemyakina, Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy), Moscow, Russia
Abstract	The considerable attention in the town-planning policy of the developed countries is given to working out of architectonic and town-planning decisions of the city structures created from administratively consolidated adjoining cities, settlements and villages for the purpose of rational moving, revival of economy and hanging of quality of life. The first country accepted a long-term town-planning policy in which creation of the specified city structures occupies one of the central places, and reached considerable results is Great Britain. According to decisions at the state and regional levels, in it a number of such city structures named unitary units is formed. Creation of units is directed on revealing of additional possibilities and resources, development and use of the earth with preservation of natural beauty of a landscape and a cultural heritage, physical environment improvement, management of various sorts of moving, improvement of an environmental setting and social stability. In unit the role of administrative border of cities that leads to decrease in a cost of transportation, increase of mobility of the population and business activity, and as to expansion of spheres of services decreases. In them the centers, objects historical and a cultural heritage, the most perspective industrial associations and the enterprises remain. Workings out are guided in the conditions of economic and physical growth, increase in functions of the cities, constantly raising transport activity, well-being and requirements of inhabitants. In units there is a network of historically developed centers among which the center of the most significant city is defined as the main center positioned as a place of strategic gate of formed city structure. In the literature tendencies of formation of such centers and variants architectonic and planning reconstruction decisions are not considered. The purpose of the present work - consideration of plans and architectonic - planning decisions of the main center of unitary unit of Halton. It is interesting to that in its territory are developed and rebuilding plans more than 50% of territory are realized. Reconstruction is spent taking into account social, economic and ecological aspects, opinion of inhabitants and community business. One of the major problems of reconstruction of unit, especially the centers, increase of the status of a place is. Thus the most significant city of unit is Rankorn developed as new city in 1960 on the basis of historical small town with the same name. Old city has a coastal site, is recognized by the main center of unit and is reconstructed for the purpose of creation of a viable multipurpose place - strategic gate.
Keywords:	Great Britain, modern town-planning, the multipurpose centers, planning, development
	Article (RUS)
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