1(18) 2012

Article	SKELMERSDALE - THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENGLISH TOWN - COMPANION FOR ENLIGHTENING BIG CITIES
Authors	V. Shemyakina, Moscow Institute of Architecture (State academy), Moscow, Russia
Abstract	Literature data on questions of design, development and regeneration of new town Skelmersdale was analyzed: the purpose of the building, predetermination situation of building of town, initial data for designing, project proposal and structure of masterplan scheme, development of town up to 2006. Was, established that for overcome the urgent need of enlightening of city Liverpool in 1964 based on the old town Skelmersdale and several settlements that had a common population of 8 000 was started the construction of new city with planning population of 90 000. Designing was made with changing perceptions about planning structure of cities. Great importance was attached to the compactness of plan with sufficiently large density of residential area, single linear centre and maximum pedestrian access to it. Revealed that the development of the concept masterplan for the city were allowed certain errors. They are particularly clearly manifested in the economic downturn at the end of 1970s. Public infrastructure has been concentrated in the center, which was cut wide open spaces, the length of the river and transport communications. In residential areas, homes located on dead-end circuit passes. In the design of transport communications do not take into account the importance of public transportation and pedestrian movement. For these reasons, in 2006, the city population was 38,813 residents. Was established in 2005 to overcome this situation, the city was included in the national planning policy. To improve the functioning of the city in 2008 adopted a program for its regeneration. The focus is on restructuring and the creation of the center and of the core creation, providing for the mixed use of different functions. The structure of the new center provides demolition of two residential areas and construction on these sites improved with buildings and public infrastructure taking into account the surrounding landscape. Modernization of communications between the center, residential areas and the region. Providing a differentiated housing in the center and beyond. Providing affordable housing.
Keywords:	Regional Planning, New Town, Masterplan, Development, Regeneration
	Article (RUS)
References	Osborn Frederic J., Whittick Arnold, with an introduction Lewis Mumford. [The New Towns. The answer to megalopolis]. London,Leonard Hill, 1963, pp. 322-323. Field, D. (1968). New town and town expansion schemes: Part III: Five new towns planned for populations of 80,000 to 100,000. The Town Planning Review, 39 (3), pp. 196-216. Hall, Peter., Mark, Tewdwr-Jones. [Urban and regional planning. Fourth edition]. London and New York, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2002, pp.11-55. Richard, Llewelyn-Davies. (1966). Town Design. The Town Planning Review, 37( 3), pp. 157-172. Evans, W. Houghton. Architecture and urban design. The construction press, Lancaster, London & New York, 1978, pp.34-38. Wilson & Womersley, Skelmersdale new town planning proposals. Report on basic plan. Skelmersdale Development Corporation, 1964. West Lancashire District Council. Skelmersdale Town Centre. Supplementary Planning Document and masterplan, 2008 Ward, David. (2006). Back to the drawing board. The Guardian, 18 January. Official site West Lancashire Borough Council. Available at: www.westlancsdc.gov.uk/living_in_west_lancs/regeneration/skelmersdale.aspx Available at: www.westlancsdc.gov.uk/default.aspx Available at: www.communities.gov.uk